Short biography - Guillaume Apollinaire (1880-1918) is a French poet, pioneer of modern poetry. Guillaume Apollinaire lives at a pivotal time in French poetry. He knew the end of symbolism and died before the Dadaist and Surrealist revolutions, which his own pioneering experience inspired.
1945: While World War II is not yet over, Truman, Stalin and Churchill meet in Potsdam, southwest of Berlin, to debate the fate of Germany. 1942: Roundup of the Vel d & 39; ; Hiv: 13,000 Jews, including 4,051 children, from Paris and the Paris region were arrested overnight by French police and parked in the sports hall of the Vélodrome d & 39; Hiver.
1991: Yugoslavia: Croatia and Slovenia proclaim their independence. 1982: The Polish Parliament votes a law banning the Solidarnosc union. 1967: Che Guevarra is captured in Bolivia. He will be executed the next day. 1517: François Ier signs the founding charter of Le Havre (Franciscopolis), built to replace the bogged down port of Harfleur.
In the middle of the Cold War, the treaty establishing the Warsaw Pact came into force on May 14, 1955. This military alliance, a socialist counterpart of NATO (created 6 years earlier) then brought together: the USSR, Poland, Albania , the GDR, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Romania and Hungary. This pact is a replica of the Paris Agreements (1954), which allow the rearmament of the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) through its integration into the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
1958: Birth of the Fifth French Republic. 1947: Creation of the Cominform, Soviet body for the control of foreign Communist parties. 1910: The Republic is proclaimed in Portugal, under the authority of Theophilo Braga. 1795: The royalist insurrection of Paris is crushed by General Bonaparte.
The American Revolution (1775-1783) was a conflict between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and its thirteen colonies on the east coast of North America. Following its victory over France in 1763, Great Britain had become the world's leading colonial power. In the New World, once the threat of a French invasion had passed, the loyalty of the thirteen American colonies to the British Crown was severely shaken.
Short biography - Jean Baptiste Poquelin dit Molière, the name alone evokes the greatest hours of French theater. At first influenced by Italian comedies, Molière asserts an original style in a succession of comedies which are ironic on the customs of his time. Creator, actor and troupe leader, he has been able to renew moralistic and comic theater, inventing typical characters that he takes pleasure in ridiculing.
Dictator Francisco Franco (1892-1975) was a Spanish general and statesman. At the head of a military junta, in 1936 he engaged in a war against the republican government, the Spanish Civil War, which claimed hundreds of thousands of victims. After the Nationalists' victory in 1939, Franco took the title of Caudillo ("the guide") and ruled Spain with an iron fist until his death in 1975.
1968: France opposes Britain & 39; s entry into the Common Market. 1939: Warsaw surrenders after resisting German troops for 19 days. 1822: French Egyptologist Jean-François Champollion presents in front of the 39; Academy of Inscriptions and Belles-Letters his dissertation on Egyptian hieroglyphics.
Short biography - Michel de Montaigne, the great Humanist, was inclined to tolerance between people and respect for difference, laying down the first principles whereby Society should be made to serve Man and not the other way around. Liking to communicate and making it his philosophy, he has always advocated dialogue and reflection rather than violence and action, as he writes in his Essays "the word is half to the one who speaks, half to the one who listens "Or" our good and our evil is up to us "and finally" there is no such sweet consolation in the loss of our friends as that which science brings us to have forgotten nothing to tell them, and to have had perfect and complete communication with them ”.
Spanish painter, designer and sculptor, Pablo Picasso is widely presented as one of the greatest artists of the 20th century. A ladies' man whose companions will deeply inspire his work, he is, along with Georges Braque, the founder of cubism and one of the pillars of modern art. Author of a rich work of more than 20,000 pieces, Pablo Picasso tries his hand, from the 1950s onwards, to all media (lithography, linoleum engraving, ceramics, sculpture, poster and painting) which address as many themes that of techniques, revealing an exceptional creative freedom.
The paroxysm of the crisis which shakes the Roman Republic finds its culmination on the coast of Epirus, during the battle of Actium (September 2, 31 BC) which sees the armies of the Roman West, under the orders of Octavian, the future Emperor Augustus, and Agrippa, his military genius to the Eastern armies commanded by Mark Antony and the famous Cleopatra.
Short biography - Despite having been an influential politician, Chateaubriand is best known as a talented writer and precursor of the Romantic movement. Coming from an aristocratic class manhandled by the French Revolution, conservative, pious, he despises the materialist rationalism of the Enlightenment, will not recognize himself in the First Empire and will be greatly disappointed by the Restoration.
The Thirty Years' War is the name given to the great European religious and political war which devastated Germany from 1618 to 1648. It had its origin in a first purely German and religious conflict between the Protestant princes and the Catholic house of Habsburg, sovereign of the Holy Empire, but it degenerated into a European war due to the intervention of foreign powers, mainly Sweden and France, who took advantage of this conflict to interfere in the affairs of the Empire and decrease the power of the Habsburgs, who then ruled not only over Austria, Bohemia and Hungary, but also over most of Italy, Spain and the Spanish Netherlands.
In the Bible, Noah's Ark is a vessel that Noah sat in with his wife, sons, and a pair of animals of each species during the Flood. The multiple expeditions carried out to find Noah & 39; s Ark lead us to question the myth of the flood. Is this a story made up from scratch by the Hebrews?
The Quarrel of the Investitures is a controversy between Church and State in the 11th and 12th centuries, about the role of lay princes in the appointment of bishops and abbots. It dealt specifically with the customs instituted by the princes, by virtue of which they conferred on the prelates the ring and the butt, symbols of spiritual authority.
Both an idealist revolutionary and a bon vivant sensitive to the advantages of money, Georges Danton has long been opposed to the virtuous Robespierre, described as cold and psychorigid. A true force of nature, with a face of a powerful ugliness that made him nicknamed the Mirabeau de la canaille, Danton found in the French Revolution the opportunity to develop his temperament overflowing with energy and quickly established himself as a tribune popular.
The Iron Mask was a French prisoner who died in the Bastille in 1703, and whose identity is the subject of much speculation. Wearing a velvet mask with metal joints, he was first locked up by order of Louis XIV in 1679 in Pignerol, in Piedmont, then at the Chateau d & 39; If, on the Ile Sainte-Marguerite.
1899: The President of the Republic Emile Loubet, following the advice of his President of the Council, Waldeck-Rousseau, pardons Alfred Dreyfus, who had been sentenced a few days earlier to 10 years' imprisonment during the review of his trial. 1783 : In front of the court gathered by a Louis XVI keen on inventions, the two Montgolfier brothers succeed in the feat of making a balloon of 400 cubic meters fly.
Signed in Washington on September 17, 1978, the Camp David Accords put an end to a conflict of more than thirty years between Israel and Egypt set the framework for a peace treaty between the two countries. These agreements, mediated by US President Jimmy Carter, enabled Egyptian President Anwar Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin to jointly win the 1978 Nobel Peace Prize.
